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Marine pollution is the type of contamination that majorly affects the oceanic water bodies. The pollution occurs when harmful substances or those with the potential to cause harm to aquatic life find their way into the oceans. The source of contamination could be industrial and agricultural waste products, the chemicals from atmospheric pollution, and the invasive organisms that often spread to reach the oceans. Agricultural products, when used in excess, are often washed away during the rains and land in the oceans. The chemicals in the wastes from industries that deal in manufacturing of products when not properly disposed of may make contact with the oceanic water bodies. The accumulation of the chemical and other toxic matter threaten aquatic life. Some of the chemicals are even hazardous to human beings in their natural environment where they hardly accumulate as a result of the possibility of dispersal. The deposition into the oceans is of particular damage given the accumulation can only escalate. This paper intends to offer persuasion on marine pollution to give an account of the dangers arising from it as well as the viable solutions to mitigate the incidences.
Marine pollution is hazardous and needs to be controlled as result of the adverse effects it has on the marine animals. The spillage of oil into the oceans has the effect of masking the water surface with the implication that there is no free flow of oxygen. The marine animals are, therefore, bound to be deprived of air when the extent of spillage is severe. The spilled oil also has the chance of getting into the feathers as well as the gills of the animals. The effect of this is the deprivation of mobility. Some of the animals cannot survive without movement. The due confinement to one spot as a result of the adverse effects of oil spillage would result in death and the inability to reproduce. The oils also pose the danger of cancer and a lot of behavioral changes. The overall habitat of the marine animals is affected.
Marine pollution results in life cycle disruption for the coral reefs. The stage of development of the coral reefs requires sufficient sunlight so that the process of photosynthesis could take place appropriately. Pollution resulting from littering and land runoff have the effect of blocking the water surface so that there is no sufficient sunlight to reach the deeper waters of the ocean. In addition to the oil floating on the water surface due to the acute cases of spillage, there is the inevitable result of the water plants missing out on the much-needed sunlight that is necessary for sustenance. The entire respiration process is affected in light of the failure to exchange carbon oxide with oxygen when photosynthesis is prevented from occurring.
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Pollution of oceanic water leads to the depletion of the oxygen dissolved in water. Marine pollution that translates into the deposition of debris is responsible for the reduction and the eventual exhaustion of the oxygen content of water. The decomposition process of the debris is usually long, lasting in the ocean bed for several years. The implication is, therefore, that the solid materials will always consume the oxygen dissolved in the water. The continued consumption of oxygen reduces the volume without the capacity for replenishment caused by the other factors of pollution like oil blocking the water surface. The constant competition for oxygen by the debris with marine animals reduces the chances of survival of the latter. Animals like turtles, whales, sharks, penguins, and dolphins may not survive for a long time.
Marine pollution could potentially result in the destruction of the reproductive system of the aquatic life. The wastes that are deposited into the oceans from manmade activities in the form of industries and agricultural production results in the introduction of toxic chemicals in the water bodies. The chemicals are of a dangerous effect on marine life. The chemical content of the pesticides used in agricultural production usually penetrates into the fatty tissues of the marine animals. The result is the total failure of the reproductive system. The generation of marine life; thus, starts to reduce. Due to lack of replacement of the animal lineage, they are likely to become extinct.
There is an adverse effect on the food chain coming from marine pollution. The industrial and agricultural chemicals may not find a way into the oceans directly, but the simplest forms are introduced into the small rivers in the immediate environment. The chemicals are carried into the oceans by the tributary rivers feeding them. Dissolution processes take place while in the sea and are washed into the bottom where the small animals may ingest them in the active forms. The hazardous effect takes its toll. The bigger marine animals that tend to prey on the small ones get the chemical into their body systems. The result is the infection of the entire food chain. A significant amount of the marine population, therefore, stands to be wiped out.
The pollution of water bodies affects the health of the human population. The water in oceans is used for agricultural production. The chemicals are deposited into the plants that when consumed by the humans, result in chronic illness in the form of cancer. The water is also treated for domestic use, but some of the chemicals in the oceans from pollution never decompose. These are directly ingested into the human body system causing some very serious illnesses. The other effect comes from the direct eating of the animals from the polluted water bodies. The chemicals introduced into the body could be as severe as mercury and some other forms that are radioactive.
In conclusion, marine pollution has been shown to be dangerous not only to marine life but also to the human beings within the immediate ecosystem. Most of the diseases caused to humans as result of direct contact with the polluted water or consumption of the affected animals tend to be untreatable. Contact with mercury could cause a complete breakdown of the nervous system. Other chemicals cause cancer. The damage caused to aquatic life is permanent, especially because the lack of designated procedure that could be used in their monitoring and treatment.
Therefore, it would be important to limit the causes of the marine pollution as the most viable approach in reducing or preventing these adverse effects. Better handling of sewage waste is ideal so that they do not end up in the oceans. Industrial disposal methods need to be reviewed to reduce the toxicity of the chemicals disposed of in the oceans if they must at all. Agricultural production that involves chemical use should be avoided around the water bodies to reduce the chances that surface runoff would wash the chemicals into the oceans. Ocean mining should be reduced. Environmental wastes should be disposed of better so that the ocean is not littered. The transportation of oil and other related products should be rerouted from the oceans to minimize the risk of spillage. An appropriate alternative could be the use of the piping system. These are some of the practices that would guarantee the safety of marine life to yield their posterity.
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