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Economic discrimination is the segregation of someone based on economic factors directly influenced by race or ethnicity, language or nationality. In America, economic discrimination is evident in wages distribution, benefits and conditions of work among different racial groups. It has been witnessed among Jewish American, Mexican America and Japanese Americans in wages disparity with their White Americans, type of work assigned to the groups where white Americans are found in high wage jobs while this groups are assigned low wage jobs. It is also evident one can be in same job with white but the pay is different due to one race. These groups have tried to fight this wage discrimination through using non-violent strategies to demand better pay or equal pay. The unequal wage was challenged by the groups through strikes and unionization that significant number was successful. For instance, Takaki notes that in 1903 the Mexicans and Japanese went on strike together in California fighting for a better wage. Low class Jewish American involved as farm laborers in White American Farms were significantly involved in strikes to demand better wages. For instance, in 1909, the Jewish Americans from low class were involved in massive strikes due to the treatment of Jewish female workers working in garment industries. All the three groups made use of strikes to demand better pay.
One difference lies with their nature of their labor unions whereby were not as strong. For instance, in 1903 the Mexican and Japanese American union leaders were involved in the strike to demand better wages for the two groups near Oxnard, California in Ventura County but were not successful in demanding for better wages. Low class Jewish American were significantly involved in strikes as compared to Mexican American and Japanese American who demanded fair wages through unionization and strikes in the white farms and the construction industry. The Japanese were poorly paid irrespectively of the big tasks they were undertaking in the construction industry. In this case, the native American in the same sector were better paid. It aggrieved the Japanese that led them to take part in the strike to demand better pay or equal pay as their counterparts. The Mexican American used labor unions and integrated unions in 20th century. Mexican Americans were also involved in boycotts such as the United Farm workers strike and boycott of grape growers in San Joaquin and Coachella valley. They also employed campaigns such as Justice for Janitors campaigns demanding better wages, which led to the revitalization of working class who were of Mexican origin to demand for justice and equality as their white counterparts. Revitalization of working class causes the group to be keen on any wage injustice so that they can take actions against employees.
Social discrimination is the unfair treatment of a person based on the race/ethnicity, class or category to which the person is perceived to belong rather than his or her attributes. In America, social discrimination against various racial groups has been in education, voting, housing and in marriage. On social area the Jewish American, Japanese and Mexican American have been discriminated in education in schools were they were schools for white children and for these racial groups. In housing sector, a white could not rent a house that had been previously been preoccupied with any of the group or a white could accept to rent his or her house to any of this racial groups especially the Jews Americans.
On issues of marriage, any of these groups could not marry a white and voting right was denied. They had no right to vote. The Japanese had no access to naturalization rights of which they could not be allowed to become the citizens of America. Mexican American were involved in providing cheap labor but had not naturalization rights where they could not complain of poor wages. All the three racial groups were engaged in civil rights movements to demand naturalization of their rights. To request their voting rights, they were involved in civil right movements. Mexican Americans led by the American General Integration forum in 1948 were engaged in massive movements to demand their voting rights. The Jewish American gained their voting rights much earlier than the two groups whereby they were significantly involved in electing various American presidents as earlier than the other two racial groups. Jewish Americans had settled in America earlier than the two groups whereby in 19th century they had faced legal restriction that prevented them from voting. Jewish American were then involved in civil and political movements to demand for equality.
One significant difference between three racial groups in advancing their rights lie in that as Jewish Americans had accepted earlier in American and therefore there had the right to naturalization rights. Mexican American due to crossing the border without the valid documents some of them could not get the right and consequently had no voting rights. The Japanese American used mass revolution to shun their denial to voting in America. Japanese Americans were significantly involved in civil rights movements such as Ina Sugihara living in 1943 who was living in New York demanding fair treatment of Japanese Americans. One difference between the strategy used by these three groups lie on time and how the civil rights movements were conducted. For instance, civil movements to demand for voting rights among Mexican American, Mexican American students were involved whereby they engaged in non-violent methods such as sit-in in the streets.
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The Asian American, African American and European American faced intense economic discrimination. The economic discrimination led to historical sequences in the America that ended up for the benefit of those discriminated. Even though much success was achieved up-to-date the economic segregation is still evident where the wages are not equal for the same job. Regarding wage discrimination, the groups were involved in historical civil rights movements in America which that led to significant changes in America. Asians American could not join labor unions but through civil rights movements were able to join labor unions.
Civil rights are massive political movements that allow people who feel their rights are infringed take to seek equality which is accepted by law. The massive civil rights movements in America led the Congress to pass the National Labor Relations Act which gave the three racial groups union leaders a chance to negotiate their members salary with the employees. It has enabled Asian Americans wages to be at par with their white counterparts though the level of education contributed their wages. Also, the African American March to Washington for jobs and Freedom in August 1963 brought about a paradigm swift spearheaded by Martin Luther King Jr remembered for his speech I have Dream. Martin saw a better America for African American in employment opportunities where they could not be discriminated on the basis of race.
Women also contributed to better pay through different campaigns they undertook to ensure women were paid equally as a man for the same job done. The movements have enabled African American hourly or weekly earnings to rise. The European Americans were involved in Campaign for Social Justice in 1964 which allowed them to demand better employment opportunity such as better wages, good conditions of work and different benefits like their white counterparts. Similarly, Wage discrimination in America led to widespread strikes as the groups demanded better pay like they white counterparts especially, in 20th century.
The American organizations failed to hire Asian American well in their organizations that led to movement against the organization especially in 20th century due to their competitiveness they created to White Americans. The organizations had to reduce the chances for the Asian Americans but due to the success of the Asian American Civil Movement that led to the culmination of Asian American Political Alliance had made it possible for the Asian American to earn same wages as their white counterparts. Today Asian American have higher pay like the white and they have concentrated in more top wages jobs due to their educational attainment as compared to other groups who work in low wage jobs such as in plumbing, fabrications and in farms thus low wages.
The social discrimination based upon voting of Asian American, African American and European American also led to massive civil rights movements in America. African American civil right movements lead by Martin Luther King Jr led to the abolition of legal segregation against blacks in America in 1965s which gave them the right to vote. The African American embarked on civil disobedience and non-violent strategies to seek voting rights like their white counterparts in America. They engage in Selma to Montgomery marches in 1965 in Alabama which was resisted and attacked by the state and local authorities but subsequently led to African American Voting right in 1965. In African American, civil rights movement aim at demanding for voting rights women were significantly involved such as Mary Church Terrell who was against African American denial of access for their political right to vote. Through the movements, the voting rights were essential to ensure the representation of African American in the government thus ensure the equality with the whites in America. Asian American were also much involved in Asian American movements demanding for recognition of their political power.
It was through the naturalization of their rights and rights as the American citizen in 1960s. Asian American civil rights movements culminated as result of the success of the African American civil rights movements that gave black American privilege to vote. The European American led the Yippie movement to demand naturalization of their rights that could give them right to vote in America. The right would enable them to have a representative in the government who would condemn any violation of their rights. Again the demand of voting rights among the three racial groups led to widespread civil disobedience in America that made the state and local authorities to change their stand. The president by then President Roosevelt contributed significantly to the naturalization of rights and voting rights as the groups were demanding.
Due to their endless effort have it possible for the groups irrespective of their race to vote in America. Asian Americans through Asian American Civil Movement that led to the culmination of Asian American Political Alliance had made it possible to voting rights. The historical sequences of social discrimination in America saw America in massive civil disobedience and non-violent strategies. Each of the group used the strategy in different ways whereby African American were significantly involved in Marches and sit-in as a way to demand the rights. The American African civil rights movement led the Blacks in the movements. Asian American were involved in campaigns that saw the formation of Asian American Political Alliance at UC Berkeley in 1968. They aimed at inclusion of all Asian American for the sole purpose of demanding their rights. As result of different civil rights movements that were undertaken by these groups, their representation in the government have increased tremendously whereby in America African American President was for the first time elected in such racial environment. Indeed, the movements did marvelous that the heroes who spearheaded the movements.
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